Birthmarks and Other Skin Pigmentation Problems (cont.)
Skin Pigmentation Disorders
Albinism
Albinism, an inherited disorder, is caused by the absence of the
pigment melanin and results in no pigmentation in skin, hair, or eyes.
In albinos, their body has an abnormal gene, which restricts the body
from producing melanin. There is no cure for albinism, and individuals
should use a sunscreen at all times because they are much more likely to
get sun damage and skin cancer. This disorder can occur in any race.
Melasma
Melasma (also known as chloasma) is characterized by tan or brown
patches on the cheeks, nose, foreheard, and chin. Although this
condition is typically termed the "pregnancy mask," men can also develop
this condition. Melasma may go away after pregnancy but, if it persists,
can be treated with certain prescription creams and some over the
counter skin care products. Remember to consult your physician or
dermatologist for a proper diagnosis of this condition before you choose
to treat it yourself. If you have melasma, use a sunscreen at all times
because sunlight will worsen your condition.
Pigmentation Loss As a Result of Skin Damage
If you've had a skin infection, blisters, burns or other trauma
to your skin, you may have a loss of pigmentation in the affected area.
The good news with this type of pigment loss is that it's frequently not
permanent, and cosmetics can be used to cover the area.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder in which melanocytes (the cells
that make pigment) are destroyed. As a result, white patches of skin
appear on different parts of the body. The cause of vitiligo is not
known, but some possible causes include physical trauma or certain
diseases such as diabetes. There is no cure for vitiligo, but there are
several treatments, including psoralens (light-sensitive drugs) used in
combination with ultraviolet A light treatment.
Reviewed by the doctors at The Cleveland Clinic, Department of Plastic Surgery.
Edited by
Cynthia
Haines, MD, April 2005.
Portions of this page ©The Cleveland Clinic 2000-2003.
Last Editorial Review: 1/31/2005 7:05:31 AM
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