Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (cont.)
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Is ADHD inherited?
Research has shown that ADHD does seem to cluster in families. Several investigations have demonstrated that children who have ADHD usually have at least one close relative (child or adult)
who also has ADHD. At least one-third of all fathers who have ADHD will produce a child with ADHD. With the newer realization that adults may also experience ADHD symptoms, it is not unheard of to have a parent's "problem at my job" be credited to ADHD -- often at the same time their child's diagnosis is being established! Lastly, several studies have demonstrated a number of genes that may reflect a role in altered brain neurochemistry that provide a physiologic basis for this disorder and inheritance pattern.
Is ADHD on the increase? If so, why?
No one knows for sure whether the prevalence of ADHD per se has risen, but it is very clear that the number of children identified with the disorder and who obtain treatment has risen over the past decade. Some of this increased identification and increased treatment seeking is due in part to greater media interest, heightened consumer awareness, and the availability of effective treatments. Teachers are better trained to recognize the condition and suggest that the family seek help, especially in the more mild to moderate cases.
In addition, the diagnostic criteria for ADHD are now more specifically and
concisely defined.
The diagnosis of ADHD is less of a social stigma than in the past. This more
enlightened perspective reflects the understanding that ADHD is a biochemical
disorder and not merely an "out of control child." As such, more parents are
receptive to medical therapy for the condition rather than resorting to less
effective home/school discipline techniques. Interestingly, the increase in
prevalence of ADHD is not solely an American phenomenon but has been noted also
in other countries. Whether the number of patients with ADHD has truly increased
or rather better recognition and acceptance of ADHD as a diagnosis has
"increased" remains to be further defined.
Next: Can ADHD be seen in brain scans of children with the disorder? »
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