Anaphylaxis (cont.)
What are the signs of anaphylaxis?
It is worth mentioning a few general observations
regarding the features of anaphylactic reactions. Be
aware, however, that these guidelines are not always
consistent or reliable for a particular individual.
- The severity of the reaction varies from person to
person.
- Subsequent reactions to the same trigger are typically
similar in nature.
- The more rapid the onset of symptoms, the more severe
the reaction is likely to be.
- A history of allergic disease (rhinitis, eczema,
asthma) does not increase the risk of developing IgE
mediated anaphylaxis, but it does incline the person to a
non-IgE mediated reaction.
- Underlying asthma may result in a more severe reaction
and can be more difficult to treat.
- The risk of anaphylaxis may diminish over time if there
are no repeated exposures or reactions. However, a person
at risk should always expect the worst and be prepared.
What are anaphylaxis symptoms?
The symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction may occur within seconds of exposure,
or be delayed 15 to 30 minutes, or even an hour or more after exposure (typical
of reactions to aspirin and similar drugs). Early symptoms are often related to
the skin and include:
- Flushing (warmth and redness of the skin),
- itching (often in the groin or armpits), and
- hives.
These symptoms are often accompanied by:
- a feeling of "impending doom,"
- anxiety, and
- sometimes a rapid, irregular pulse.
Frequently following the above symptoms, throat and tongue swelling results in hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty breathing.
Symptoms of rhinitis (hay fever) or asthma may occur causing:
- a runny nose,
- sneezing, and wheezing, which may worsen the breathing difficulty,
- vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps may develop.
About 25% of the time, the mediators flooding the blood stream cause a generalized opening of capillaries (tiny blood vessels) which results in a drop in blood pressure, lightheadedness, or even loss of consciousness. These are the typical features of anaphylactic shock.
Next: What happens after the symptoms begin? »
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