Mental Illness Basics

• Introduction to the basics of mental illnesses
• What causes mental illness?
• Can mental illness be prevented?
• How common is mental illness?
• How is mental illness treated?
• What is the outlook for people with mental illness?

Introduction

Mental illness is any disease or condition affecting the brain that influences the way a person thinks, feels, behaves and/or relates to others and to his or her surroundings. Although the symptoms of mental illness can range from mild to severe and are different depending on the type of mental illness, a person with an untreated mental illness often is unable to cope with life's daily routines and demands.

What Causes Mental Illness?

Although the exact cause of most mental illnesses is not known, it is becoming clear through research that many of these conditions are caused by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors. One thing is for sure—mental illness is not the result of personal weakness or a character defect, and recovery from a mental illness is not simply a matter of will and self-discipline.

• Heredity (genetics): Many mental illnesses run in families, suggesting that the illnesses may be passed on from parents to children through genes. Genes contain instructions for the function of each cell in the body and are responsible for how we look, act, think, etc. But, just because your mother or father may have a mental illness doesn't mean you will have one. Hereditary just means that you are more likely to get the condition than if you didn't have an affected family member. Experts believe that many mental conditions are linked to problems in multiple genes—not just one, as with many diseases—which is why a person inherits a susceptibility to a mental disorder, but doesn't always develop the condition. The disorder itself occurs from the interaction of these genes and other factors—such as psychological trauma and environmental stressors—which can influence, or trigger, the illness in a person who has inherited a susceptibility to it.



• Biology: Some mental illnesses have been linked to an abnormal balance of special chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters help nerve cells in the brain communicate with each other. If these chemicals are out of balance or are not working properly, messages may not make it through the brain correctly, leading to symptoms of mental illness. In addition, defects in or injury to certain areas of the brain also have been linked to some mental conditions.



• Psychological trauma: Some mental illnesses may be triggered by psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as severe emotional, physical or sexual abuse; a significant early loss, such as the loss of a parent; and neglect.



• Environmental stressors: Certain stressors—such as a death or divorce, a dysfunctional family life, changing jobs or schools and substance abuse—can trigger a disorder in a person who may be at risk for developing a mental illness.

From the Doctors at MedicineNet.com

Depression - Read about depression causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and types, including manic depression (bipolar disorder), postpartum depression and clinical depression. Source:MedicineNet Schizophrenia - Get information on schizophrenia symptoms (delusions, hallucinations), causes (genetics), diagnosis, treatment of schizophrenics (antipsychotic drugs) and types (paranoid). Source:Government Bipolar Disorder (Mania) - Read about bipolar disorder (BD or manic-depressive illness), a brain disorder that causes dramatic mood swings (highs and lows) and affects a person's energy levels and ability to function. These highs and lows are episodes of mania and depression. The mania symptoms of manic depression include increased energy, extreme irritability, spending sprees, and increased sex drive. Depression symptoms include feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, decreased energy, thoughts of death or suicide, and chronic pain. Long-term preventive treatment combining medication and psychosocial treatment is recommended. Source:Government Read 93 more Mental Illness related articles ... Several Therapies Show Promise for Vascular Depression Does Asthma Increase Adult Suicide Risk? Mental Illness Costs U.S. Billions in Lost Earnings Monthly Shot Treats Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder Might Be Overdiagnosed Delusions Common in Pediatric ICU Virtual Reality Therapy May Help PTSD Patients Men Also Get Postpartum Depression Antipsychotics in Kids May Add Weight Exposure Therapy Effective in Preventing Post-Traumatic Stress