Eustachian Tube Problems
What is the Eustachian tube?
The Eustachian tube is a membrane lined tube that connects the middle ear space to the back
of the nose. Its primary function is to ventilate the middle ear, ensuring that the pressure
inside the ear remains at near normal ambient air pressure. The secondary function of the
Eustachian tube is to drain any accumulated secretions, infection, or debris from the middle
ear space. Several small muscles located in the back of the throat and palate control the
opening and closing of the tube. Swallowing and yawning cause contraction of these muscles,
and help to regulate Eustachian tube function. If it were not for the Eustachian tube, the
middle ear cavity would be an isolated air pocket inside the head that would be vulnerable to
every change in air pressure and lead to an unhealthy ear.
Normally, the Eustachian tube is closed which helps prevent the inadvertent contamination of
the middle ear by the normal secretions found in the back of the nose. A tube that is always
open is called a patulous Eustachian tube. Patients with this rare condition are plagued by
chronic ear infections. A much more common problem is a failure of the Eustachian tube to
regulate pressure effectively. Partial or complete blockage of the Eustachian tube can cause
popping, clicking, and ear fullness.
As Eustachian tube function worsens, air pressure in the middle ear falls, and the ear feels
full and sounds are muffled. Eventually, a vacuum is created which can then cause fluid to be
drawn into the middle ear space (termed serous otitis media). If the fluid becomes infected,
the common ear infection (supperative otitis media) develops.
Next: What can cause Eustachian tube blockage? »
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